Bagepalli CDM Reforestation Programme

Climate Change has a significant impact on agricultural activities in semi-arid drought prone regions. With scanty, erratic and spatial rainfall, field crops fail. From the mid 1990's we suggested that Member Coolie families plant fruit and fodder trees on their scattered rain fed holdings and switch from risky, rainfall dependent field crops, to more hardy tree crops that do not need timely rains.

For 13 years, from 1996 to 2008, they put aside small patches of their land to plant tamarind and mango saplings. Except for technical assistance to procure good saplings, ADATS did not have the money to help with anything material. Project implementation was self-financed by 1,296 participating farmer families from 155 villages. With their own resources, they planted a total of 73,853 saplings, but the survival rate was modest at 44%.

Growing farmer friendly fruit, fodder, fuel and manure trees on parched lands was a painstaking and challenging task that Coolie Sangha families took up with passion and enthusiasm. During the September rains every year, they dug 1 cubic metre pits and filled them with sand, red earth and manure. They planted Mango, Cashew, Silver Oak, Tamarind, Jamun and other saplings of their choice, and tied thorny branches to protect against grazing. Every year they replaced saplings that had died in the summer heat and undertook fresh planting.

Alf Bjørseth, a private philanthropist from Norway, supplemented their effort with grants totalling ₹ 72 lakh from 2007-2010.

They installed 280 pre-fabricated tanks on their fields and hired bullock carts to haul water from ponds. Each sapling was hand watered with two buckets of water, twice a week, for 5-7 summer months every year. TNO, a research institute from the Netherlands, assisted with an experiment to place Rockwool slabs under the saplings, at the time of planting, to retain the hand poured water for a few extra days.

But whatever they did, almost three-quarter the planted saplings died every year due to the scorching heat and uncontrolled grazing. Many families gave up; new persons came forward. In the five-year period from 2009 to 2013, a total of 68,093 saplings were planted. Only 18,903 (28%) survived. The cumulative Survival Rate of the then 18 year long effort dropped to 36%

After that, from 2014 to 2018 came the time of serious reflection. We compiled the year-wise data of only those who had succeeded in raising at least a few saplings into full grown trees to include in this latest avatar of the Afforestation Project which we re-christened "Farm Forestry".

We could do so because, from the very first planting in 1996, we had strictly monitored survival and growth of each cohort on each discrete plot. A Cohort is defined as saplings/trees of the same species, planted on the exact same date, on a particular discrete plot. As a result, we were able to corelate survival rates to planting years, species, soil type, irrigation and gender category.

 Annual Planting and Survival

Year	Saplings Planted	Survived (as on today)	Age (months)	S. Rate	Cum. Planting	Cum. Survival (as on today)	Cum. S. Rate
1996	820	474	297	58%	820	474	58%
1997	1,239	530	285	43%	2,059	1,004	49%
1998	3,986	1,358	273	34%	6,045	2,362	39%
1999	1,217	379	260	31%	7,262	2,741	38%
2000	813	590	249	73%	8,075	3,331	41%
2001	377	146	236	39%	8,452	3,477	41%
2002	10,003	5,865	227	59%	18,455	9,342	51%
2003	2,395	1,994	215	83%	20,850	11,336	54%
2004	3,750	2,457	201	66%	24,600	13,793	56%
2005	3,476	2,263	190	65%	28,076	16,056	57%
2006	3,513	1,845	178	53%	31,589	17,901	57%
2007	2,225	1,260	166	57%	33,814	19,161	57%
2008	40,039	12,983	153	32%	73,853	32,144	44%
2009	41,651	8,823	139	21%	1,15,504	40,967	35%
2010	10,336	4,084	130	40%	1,25,840	45,051	36%
2011	7,653	3,295	118	43%	1,33,493	48,346	36%
2012	5,658	2,168	105	38%	1,39,151	50,514	36%
2013	2,795	533	92	19%	1,41,946	51,047	36%
2014	1,010	501	81	50%	1,42,956	51,548	36%
2015	340	170	64	50%	1,43,296	51,718	36%
2016	757	687	56	91%	1,44,053	52,405	36%
2018	40	0	0	0%	1,44,093	52,405	36%
2019	45,233	37,662	18	83%	1,89,326	90,067	48%
2020	46,153	42,138	8	91%	2,35,479	1,32,205	56%
Total	2,35,479	1,32,205		56%

Transition to Gold Standard

In 2015, we decided to transition the project from CDM to Gold Standard. Click here to access key project documents at the GS MARKIT Registry website.

Verification & Issuance

After re-registering, the project underwent the first Verification. 26,350 GS VERs were issued to 509 farmers from 134 villages who planted on 1,710 acres in the early years. Click here to download a .kml file and view each planted plot on Google Earth.

The next verification in 2020 will be for about 20,000 tCO₂. But 2016-2020 will be too small a time span to measure any serious sequestration on recently planted discrete plots 2019 and 2020. They will have to wait for at least another 5 years.

Carbon Revenue

ADATS negotiated with potential buyers and got the best possible price in the voluntary market.

• In December 2017 we sold 3,000 tonnes to NUMERCO, London
• In December 2018 NUMERCO once again bought another 1,810 tonnes
• In February 2019 FairClimateFund, the Netherlands, bought 972 tonnes
• In October 2019 Primaklima, Germany, bought the remaining 20,563 tonnes

The below table shows the vintage years of issued VERs:

The entire ₹ 1.78 crore received as carbon revenue was given to 509 farmer families as a reward for the environmental service they have provided through their heroic battle against Climate Change.

Strategic Plan

ADATS realises that grit and determination alone are not enough. Own efforts would go so far and no further. Small and poor peasant families do not have the financial resources for capex and also to tide over unpredictable weather variances.

After critically analysing our 25 year long experience, we adopted a 5 year strategic plan in September 2019 in order to scale-up proven and demonstrated climate resilient alternatives to subsistence cultivation using farm forestry that sequesters GHG and provides livelihood opportunities to local communities, as an altered land-use practice, and integrating small and poor peasant families into the climate friendly new-age economy of tomorrow.

• 750 more families would grow 90,000 trees on 1,500 acres of rain-fed holdings, sequester GHG, get sustained income from tree-produce and earn carbon revenue.
• Of the total project cost of ₹ 6.18 crore, 9% will be mobilised from MG-NREGA and ADATS will assist the Coolie Sangha source external funding to the tune of ₹ 5.64 crore.
• Returns from carbon revenue of 22,800 tCO_2-e in the 5th year and 28,500 tCO_2-e in the 10th year is projected at ₹ 5.64 crore.
• Income from tree produce, from the 4th to the 10th year at ₹ 9 crore.

After seeing the flow of carbon revenue at the end of their 25 year long struggle, many more families decided not to wait till ADATS got external funding.

In 2019, another 250 farmers invested ₹ 45,03,125 of their own and planted 45,233 saplings on about 250 plots. They negotiated with MG-NREGA officials in their respective taluks, submitted necessary records, and applied for subsidies. A few got a part of their expenditure reimbursed; the rest are waiting for the pandemic to get over and regular government activities to resume.

SayTrees, a Bangalore based NGO who leverage CSR funds to create urban and rural forests, came forward to contribute to the heroic effort of Coolie Sangha families. In June 2020, immediately after the lockdown, they supplied 46,153 high quality fruit tree saplings which were planted on 286 discrete plots.

The current (cumulative) Survival Rate is at 56% as on February 2021. For ADATS, the challenge still remains to find the Human, material and financial resources to continue support and quarterly monitoring of all 1,32,205 saplings/trees.

Please see Strategic Plan - Farm Forestry.

Case Studies

• 838 016 Muninarayanappa
• 838 012 Honnamma
• 605 050 Laxmamma
• 605 012 Narayanappa
• 827 024 Sarojamma